R-S1194+                    Ballard Y DNA Study

FTDNA - Group 1 - Ballard Y. Origin. 

"Pre Roman Briton and Northern Gaul."

R-S1194 > R-CTS4528 > R-S14328 > R-S1211 > R-S1196 > R-Y22442 > R-S1205+ (12th Aug 2023)

R-S1194 Ancient Burials Tree

R-S1194 the brother Haplotype to the Prolific R-U106 & R-P312 Haplogroups under R-L151

Comparitive ancient burial animations for the three brother haplogroups

U106: http://www.projectory.de/genetics/U106_migration.mp4

U106 - very early expansion into Denmark - no or very little Bell Beaker activity in France and Spain - strong growth in Denmark - migration to England during the Migration period, but also to South-East-Europe and Norway/Sweden continuing throughout the Viking Age - most likely recent  Anglo-Saxon culture group.

P312: http://www.projectory.de/genetics/P312_migration.mp4

P312 - massive expansion into Southern Europe and the British Isles during Bell Beaker times - continuing population growth - migration to Scandinavia starting with the Viking Age - most likley recent Norman culture group.

S1194: http://www.projectory.de/genetics/S1194_migration.mp4

S1194 - scarcity of samples - basically most of them staying somewhat close to the English Channel - most likely, recent Belgae culture group.

[Mapping by Dirk Struve 18 July 2025. (R-S1194 FTDNA Group participant)].

Important time periods.

2800 - 1800 BCE Bell Beaker Culture

500 BCE - Brutus arrival in Briton

400 - 200 BCE Belgae in northern Gaul later migrations into Briton

300 - 600 CE Migration Period 

800 - 1050 CE Viking Age

The evidence demonstrates a good overal coverage of excavated archaeological burial sites thus far, the brother haplogroup's (U106 & P312) being found widespread in Europe and reaching Briton very early on, consistent with post Japhite migrations.

The "Father" Haplotype R-L151 is mainly found (but not exclusively) from ancient burials, in the areas of what we now know as the Czech Republic (Bohemia) the stronghold of the more recent "Celtic" Boii tribe.

R-S1194 apears in the region much later than U106 & P312, apearing circa 600 BC in northern Gaul and later into Briton circa 200 BC (Pre Roman Invasion) we find a burial In an area said by the Romans to have been occupied by the Atrebates tribe in close proximity to the archaeological Palatial complex at Fishbourne in Sussex, That of King Cogidubnus, (Aviragus of the Silures ?) decended from King Ludd.

Fishbourne Roman Palace” near Chichester, built for Arviragus aka Cogidummus. 40-90 ad, great grandson of  Ludd ap Beli, (Belgae) He married the dau of Emperor Claudius and became client King of Briton, titled. “Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus”. Together, Arviragus and Emporer Claudius conquered the Isles of Orkney & others and founded the city of Gloucester.

Of note, Caratacus, became a Silurian King later to lead the Catuvellauni, Trinovantes & Atrebates as High King of Briton against the Roman Invasions these tribes found living the Cambrideshire a nd wider regions of that place.

Other later burials in the Cambridgshire areas, Gog Magog, hills (Gwar Madoc "Madoc The Great") ("of the giants", of greater stature) Later, said by the Romans, to have been occupied by the Trinovantes (New Troy) & Catuvellauni, Kings and Leaders of which were also decended from King Ludd the Brother of the Gaulish King Llefelys (Diviciacus / Digueillus), inturn, all patriline of King Beli (Bolgios/Belgius/Belgae ?).

King Beli Maur (Cunobelinus) According to the Harlian MS3958, was founder of both the Gwyr y Gogledd (Men of the North--Rheged, etc.) Kings of Gwent and Glywysing  and the Gwynedd line.

Coins of Adeddomarus (Aedd Maur) and coins of Cunobelinus f.l. BC to 40 AD (Cynfelyn,  Cunobelin, Cymbeline), the Catuvellauni King who conquered the Trinovantes, have been found around the Cherry Hinton settlement also in Bunnik near Utrecht, dated from around AD5 to AD43.

The sparsity of R-S1194 in both modern DNA test & historical archaeological burial data, is in stark contrast to its brother haplogroup's of R-U106 & R-P312 and its late appearance and small numbers, may be of great significance, The Belgae being noted for cremation burial could account for archaeologically, small sample numbers.

The Roman genocides of the opposing Belgae and British tribes would account for R-S1194's small numbers genetic, diversely, spread thin branches. 

The late appearance of this haplogroup incidently coincides with the migratory path and timeline of those that migrated after the Trojan war of 650 BC, if connected, that in its self and the many conflicts encountered on that migratory journey would also have significantly effected its numbers. 

Modern day test samples show significant presence in the Belgium & British Isles area's. in Briton & Ireland many Belgic tribes migrated to these areas (there kinsmen) as the Roman expansions continued. 

Notably there are also samples found in Italy as you would expect, through earlier incursions into Italy by Britons, Belinus and Brennus and later many captives taken back to Rome during this period and later. 

As the Roman empire collapsed the confederated oppressed tribes of northern Europe decended on Rome where we find R-S1194, appropriately dated Lombard culture era cemetery burials.

Other Ballard lines;

FTDNA - Group 2 - Ballard Y. Origin. 

"NORMAN" - Bosc-le-Hard

SNP - R1b-P312 > R-FGC36918 + (30th October 2022) 

"Research Page"

Group 3 - Ballard Y. Origin. 

"Lombard"

SNP - G-L14 

Group 4 - Bollart/Ballard Y Origin.

Dublin, Ireland / Netherlands (pos Lombardy)"

Group 2e Rib-P312>R-FT112494

Testers;

1. Bollard - Ireland - IN52381

2. Ballard - Unknown - 351388

The Bollard/Ballard family found in Ireland having taken BigY700 test. We find that the closest Ancient Burial data confirms a match In Groningen, Netherlands dated 1037 - 1043 AD this is consistent with the Ballards found in this area during this period, a branch is known to have later settled in Dublin, Ireland.

Further we find ancient burial matches in Turin, Lombardy territory, dated 500 - 700 BC this could be a signal that relates to the Bellardi of Lucca merchants that came to England, France and Netherlands during this period and a little after 11th & 12th Century or could be another in-dependent line.

Earlier ancient burials dated 770 - 544 BC in France could be an indicator of a Lombard confederate signal.

In summary I would highly suspect that the Ballard/Bollards in this Haplogroup can be traced back to the Netherlands in the first instance and very Likely further into Lombardy.

subsequent investigations into the Bellardi of Lucca and the Bollards of the Netherlands does lend its self to those being one and the same people, but research is ongoing.